Which atmospheric conditions would reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance?

The selection of high temperature, high relative humidity, and high density altitude as conditions that reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance is based on the fundamental principles of how aircraft performance is affected by atmospheric conditions.

High temperature results in lower air density, which means that the air is thinner. This has a direct impact on engine performance because engines require a certain density of air to operate efficiently. With less dense air, there is less oxygen available for combustion, which can result in decreased power output.

High relative humidity further decreases air density because humid air is less dense than dry air. Water vapor masses less than the oxygen and nitrogen they displace, so as humidity increases, the overall density of the air decreases. This can further degrade engine performance and also affects lift.

High density altitude, which occurs when higher altitudes are combined with high temperatures or humidity, leads to decreased performance for the aircraft during takeoff and climb. At high density altitudes, the aircraft has less available lift from the wings due to the thinner air, and the engine’s ability to produce power is reduced. These combined factors mean that the aircraft will need a longer distance to reach takeoff speed and may climb at a slower rate.

In contrast, options involving low temperature or low density altitude