Low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog?

Steam fog is formed when cold air moves over warm water, causing water vapor to rise and create fog. This type of fog can lead to low-level turbulence due to the dynamic and unstable air associated with the warm air rising from the warm surface. Additionally, because steam fog typically occurs in colder seasons or conditions where there's a significant temperature gradient, the potential for icing becomes hazardous as well. Ice can form on aircraft surfaces if the temperatures drop while flying through this fog, making it particularly concerning for pilots.

The process of steam fog formation and the associated rapid mixing of air layers can amplify turbulence, creating unstable flying conditions. This is critical for pilots to recognize, as both turbulence and potential icing can severely affect aircraft performance and safety.